Paddy

ADT 37

CO 51

CO-51, being a fine grain variety, offers the advantage of being a non-lodging variety, a characteristic which is very much required for kuruvai. It has the preferred plant characters such as broad dark green leaves which leads to higher photosynthesis, medium height (90-100 cm), broader leafs (2 cm width) and lengthy panicle. Each panicle bears on an average 250-300 grains, with a panicle length of 23 to 28 cm.

The variety has better resistance to green leaf hopper, brown plant hopper and paddy blast disease.

Co.51 variety with white medium slender rice is good for cooking and has high a milling percentage of 69 per cent and head rice recovery of 63 per cent.

Tray based rice planting

Endiyur kalyanam quoted 4500 per acre on 2022-11-16.

Today spoke to ananth mama and learnt the following: No of trays required per acre 150 Size of 1 tray 2 sqft Area required in natrangal for 1 tray 5sqft Cost per tray ₹23+₹2. The second 2 is to shift from natrrangal to nadavu area. Can use vaikol or shadenet to cover.

Paddy yield and sri

With hybrid seed and SRI 50~60 quintal

1bag DAP+1 bag urea + 35kg potash+ micronutrient

Rice: 792000 seedlings/ac (20 kg) in conventional method or 64000 seedlings/ac in SRI technique that is 2 kg seeds yield 1–2 tons/ac

https://www.quora.com/How-much-money-and-time-will-be-required-for-1-acre-of-paddy-farming ↗

Paddy in 2022-11-Nov

Land for paddy

Land dimensions of fields used for paddy in 2022-11

Field1 N 38 W 41 S 43.4m E 41.4m Area 1673.21 41cent

Field2 N43.4 E41.6 W42.6 S50.5(assumed)

Field3 N50.5(assumed) E52.9 W43.4 S57.6

Total f2+3 E94.5 S57.6 W86 N43.4 Area 4544.63. 1.12 acre

Manual measurement

NS(E): 105+55=160 NS(W): 95+46=140 EW(N): 40~45 EW(S): 56

Cost of Cultivation

Cultivation cost breakup as on 2022-11-13 as per Mohan.

Cost per acre total ₹18000. Summary Seed 1 sippam per acre ₹45*35kg = ₹1575 Uzhavu for natrangal = 4 saal= ₹500 Fertilizer 6kgDAP= ₹200 Sedai uzhavu ₹25per minute 2 sal= ₹800 Andai pidithal = 3*600 = ₹1800 Kalasam kattuthal = ₹1800 Sedai uzhavu ₹25per minute 2 sal= ₹2000 Parambu Saman paduthuthal = ₹600 Fertilizer 1.5bag DAP+ 1 bag urea = ₹2600 Transplantation = 15*₹150= ₹2250 Weeding = ₹450 1st Insecticide 250ml+spraying6*40 = 600 2nd Insecticide 250ml+spraying6*40 = 600 Total until now 14600 Standard yield 25~30 quintal per acre

Cost of Cultivation :: Paddy (2021-22)

Sl.No.Particulars(Rs./ha.) I.Operational Cost66941 Human Labour36327 Animal Labour584 Machine Power10871 Seed 7844 Fertilizers and Manures8180 Plant Protection Charges1788 Irrigation charges199 Interest on working capital 1148 II.Fixed Cost9135 Sub Total (I+II)76076 Managerial cost @ 10%7607 III.Total Cost83683 Yield (Qtl)54 IV.Cost of Production (Rs./Qtl)1549

https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_costofcultivation_rice.html ↗

Transplanted Puddled Lowland Rice

Transplanted Rice

1.1. Nursery management

1.1.1. Wet nursery Nursery area Select 20 cents (800 m2) of land area near to water source for raising seedlings for one hectare. Seed rate 30 kg for long duration 40 kg for medium duration 60 kg for short duration varieties and 20 kg for hybrids Seed treatment

Treat the seeds in Carbendazim or Pyroquilon or Tricyclozole solution at 2 g/l of water for 1 kg of seeds. Soak the seeds in water for 10 hrs and drain excess water. This wet seed treatment gives protection to the seedlings up to 40 days from seedling disease such as blast and this method is better than dry seed treatment. If the seeds are required for sowing immediately, keep the soaked seed in gunny in dark and cover with extra gunnies and leave for 24hrs for sprouting.

Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens: Treat the seeds with talc based formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens 10g/kg of seed and soak in 1lit of water overnight. Decant the excess water and allow the seeds to sprout for 24hrs and then sow.

Seed treatment with Azospirillum: Three packets (600 g/ha) of Azospirillum and 3 packets (600g/ha) of Phosphobacteria or 6 packets (1200g/ha)of Azophos. In bioinoculants mixed with sufficient water wherein the seeds are soaked overnight before sowing in the nursery bed (The bacterial suspension after decanting may be poured over the nursery area itself).

Biocontrol agents are compatible with biofertilizers Biofertilizers and biocontrol agents can be mixed together for seed soaking Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible

Forming Seedbeds

Mark plots of 2.5m breadth with channels 30cm wide all around the seedbeds. Length of the seed bed may vary from 8 to 10m according to soil and slope of the land. Collect the puddled soil from the channel and spread on the seedbeds or drag a heavy stone along the channel to lower it, so that the seed bed is at a higher level. Level the surface of the seedbed, so that the water drains into the channel.

Sowing

Sow the sprouted seeds uniformly on the seedbed, having thin film of water in the nursery. Water Management

Drain the water 18 to 24hrs after sowing Care must be taken to avoid stagnation of water in any part of the seedbed. Allow enough water to saturate the soil from 3rd to 5th day. From 5th day onwards, increase the water depth to 1.5cm depending on the height of the seedlings. Thereafter maintain 2.5cm depth of water.

Weed Management

Apply any one of the pre-emergence herbicides viz., Pretilachlor + safener 0.3kg/ha, on 3rd or 4th day after sowing to control weeds in the lowland nursery. Keep a thin film of water and allow it to disappear. Avoid drainage of water. This will control germinating weeds.

Nutrient management

Apply 1tonne of fully decomposed FYM or compost to 20cents nursery and spread the manure uniformly on dry soil. Basal application of DAP is recommended when the seedlings are to be pulled out in 20-25 days after sowing in less fertile nursery soils. For that situation, before the last puddling, apply 40kg of DAP and if not readily available, apply straight fertilizers 16kg of urea and 120kg of super phosphate. If seedlings are to be pulled out after 25 days, application of DAP is to be done 10 days prior to pulling out. For clayey soils where root snapping is a problem, 4kg of gypsum and 1kg of DAP/cent can be applied at 10 days after sowing.

1.2 Main Field Management 1.2.1. Land preparation

Plough the land during summer to economize the water requirement for initial preparation of land. Flood the field 1 or 2 days before ploughing and allow water to soak in. Keep the surface of the field covered with water. Keep water to a depth of 2.5cm at the time of puddling.

Keep water to a depth of 2.5cm at the time of puddling

Special technologies for problem soils:

a) For fluffy paddy soils: compact the soil by passing 400kg stone roller or oil-drum with stones inside, eight times at proper moisture level (moisture level at friable condition of soil which is approximately 13 to18%) once in three years, to prevent the sinking of draught animals and workers during puddling.

b) For sodic soils with pH values of more than 8.5, plough at optimum moisture regime, apply gypsum at 50% gypsum requirement uniformly, impound water, provide drainage for leaching out soluble salts and apply green leaf manure at 5 t/ha, 10 to 15 days before transplanting. Mix 37.5kg of Zinc sulphate per ha with sand to make a total quantity of 75kg and spread the mixture uniformly on the leveled field. Do not incorporate the mixture in the soil. Rice under sodic soil responds well to these practices.

c) For saline soils with EC values of more than 4 dS/m, provide lateral and main drainage channels (60cm deep and 45cm wide), apply green leaf manure at 5 t/ha at 10 to 15 days before transplanting and 25% extra dose of nitrogen in addition to recommended P and K and ZnSo4 at 37.5 kg/ha at planting

d) For acid soils apply lime based on the soil analysis for obtaining normal rice yields. Lime is applied 2.5t/ha before last ploughing. Apply lime at this rate to each crop up to the 5th crop.

1.2.2. Stand Establishment Optimum age of seedlings for quick establishment

Optimum age of the seedlings is 18-22 days for short, 25-30 days for medium and 35-40 days for long duration varieties.

Pulling out the seedlings

Pull out the seedlings at the appropriate time (4th leaf stage). Pulling at 3rd leaf stage is also possible. These seedlings can produce more tillers, provided enough care taken during the establishment phase (See section 1.8 Integrated Crop Management (ICM) - Rice-SRI) through thin film of water management and perfect leveling of main field. Transplanting after 5th and higher order leaf numbers will affect the performance of the crop and grain yield. Then they are called as ‘aged seedlings’. Special package is needed to minimize the grain yield loss while planting those aged seedlings.

Root dipping

Prepare the slurry with 5 packets (1000 g)/ha of Azospirillum and 5 packets (1000g/ha) of Phosphobacteria or 10 packets of (2000g/ha) of Azophos inoculant in 40 lit. of water and dip the root portion of the seedlings for 15 - 30 minutes in bacterial suspension and transplant.

Planting seedlings in the main field

Transplant 2-3 seedlings/hill for short duration and 2 seedlings/hill for medium and long duration varieties Shallow planting (3 cm) ensures quick establishment and more tillers. Deeper planting (> 5cm) leads to delayed establishment and reduced tillers. Line planting permits rotary weeding and its associated benefits. Allow a minimum row spacing of 20 cm to use rotary weeder. Fill up the gaps between 7th and 10th DAT.

Gap filling

Fill the gaps if any within 7 - 10 days after planting.

1.2.3. Nutrient management Application of organic manures

Apply 12.5 t of FYM or compost or green leaf manure @ 6.25 t/ha. If green manure is raised @ 20 kg /ha in situ, incorporate it to a depth of 15 cm using a green manure trampler or tractor. In the place of green manure, press-mud / composted coir-pith can also be used.

Stubble incorporation

Apply 22 kg urea / ha at the time of first puddling while incorporating the stubbles of previous crop to compensate immobilization of N by the stubbles. This may be done at least 10 days prior to planting of subsequent crop. This recommendation is more suitable for double crop wetlands, wherein, the second crop is transplanted in succession with short turn around period.

Biofertilizer application

Broadcast 10 kg of soil based powdered BGA flakes at 10 DAT for the dry season crop. Maintain a thin film of water for multiplication. Raise azolla as a dual crop by inoculating 250 kg/ha 3 to 5 DAT and then incorporate during weeding for the wet season crop.  Mix 10 packets (2000 g)/ha of Azospirillum and 10 packets (2000g/ha)of Phosphobacteria or 20 packets (4000g/ha) of Azophos inoculants with 25 kg FYM and 25 kg of soil and broadcast the mixture uniformly in the main field before transplanting and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf 1) at 2.5 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg FYM and 25 kg of soil and broadcast the mixture uniformly before transplanting.

Application of inorganic fertilizers

Apply fertilizer nutrients as per soil test recommendations N dose may be through Leaf Color Chart (LCC) P & K may be through Site Specific Nutrition Management by Omission plot technique (Ref. Appendix II) If the above recommendation are not able to be followed, adopt blanket recommendation as follows:

https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_cereals_rice8.html ↗

Paddy nutrients

2 bag urea+ potash as per Mohan Subrayalu suggested 1.5 bag urea+1 bag potash+veppapunnakku 1.5bag+kerosene 1litre. Mix prior night and apply next day.

45DAT, when kadhir appears, apply 1bag ammonia+3bagp potash for better weight of grains.